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National schemes

United States - Absent a federal cap and trade programs, individual states have taken the lead. As of early 2007 at least 15 states have imposed upon themselves or proposed greenhouse gas reduction programs, with more likely to follow shortly.

Canada - Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol on December 17, 2002.  However, the Government of Canada has not implemented national policy or a national emissions trading scheme to date.

New Zealand - New Zealand is the only country in the Southern hemisphere to have ratified the Kyoto Protocol (to date). New Zealand Government is continuing to evaluate international market mechanisms to ensure that New Zealand’s policy is consistent and fungible with overseas markets.